A test of a conceptual model of uncertainty, benefit and burden in children and young people with juvenile dermatomyositis (Mulligan, 2026)

Livermore P; Kupiec KH; Mulligan K; Hirani SP; Gibson F; Deakin C; Ridout D; Knight AM; Wedderburn LR; Feldman BM;

Rheumatology advances in practice [Rheumatol Adv Pract] 2026 Jun 10; Vol. 10 (3), pp. rkag070. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Jun 10 (Print Publication: 2026).

Available online at this link

Objectives: Mental health concerns are highly prevalent in children and young people (CYP) with chronic conditions. This is further exacerbated by perceived feelings of illness uncertainty and illness burden, which have negative implications for CYP with childhood-onset chronic conditions and their families. Understanding the mechanisms that reduce health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and identifying resilience factors is important to improve outcomes for these vulnerable populations. The current study aimed to assess HRQoL in CYP with juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) and to test a new conceptual model of illness representations and resilience in depression and anxiety.

Methods: CYP ages ≥8 years who were enrolled in the UK-wide JDM cohort and Biomarker Study (JDCBS) in 15 UK National Health Service tertiary paediatric rheumatology services were invited to complete five validated paediatric measures: PedsQL 4.0 Core, PedsQL 3.0 Rheumatology Module, Paediatric Index of Emotional Distress (PI-ED), Childhood Uncertainty in Illness Scale (CUIS) and Benefit and Burden Scale for Children (BBSC). Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and structural equation modelling.

Results: Results showed that the HRQoL in CYP with JDM is affected as a result of their chronic condition. Moreover, the proposed model revealed that illness uncertainty and burden are key driving factors that cause an increase in anxiety and depression, while benefit finding did not ameliorate poor mental health outcomes.

Conclusion: Addressing illness uncertainty and reducing the perceived disease burden is vital to improve HRQoL and well-being in CYP with JDM who struggle to cope with the unpredictable nature of their disease.